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Related Concept Videos

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Measuring the Confluence of iPSCs Using an Automated Imaging System
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iPS cells: mapping the policy issues.

Amy Zarzeczny1, Christopher Scott, Insoo Hyun

  • 1Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H5, Canada.

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|December 17, 2009
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells offer great promise, but their rapid advancement necessitates careful consideration of ethical, legal, and social implications. This review examines these crucial issues across iPS cell procurement, research, and clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are derived from somatic cells reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state.
  • The field of iPS cell research has experienced exponential growth, raising significant societal questions.
  • Ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) are integral to the responsible development of iPS cell technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the ethical, legal, and social issues surrounding induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
  • To address concerns related to the acquisition of starting materials for iPS cell generation.
  • To examine the implications of iPS cell research and its translation into clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications and ethical/legal analyses.
  • Synthesis of key ethical, legal, and social challenges.
  • Categorization of issues based on the iPS cell lifecycle: procurement, basic research, and clinical translation.

Main Results:

  • Procurement of cells for iPS generation raises issues of consent and ownership.
  • Basic research with iPS cells involves considerations of genetic modification and potential misuse.
  • Clinical translation faces hurdles related to safety, efficacy, regulation, and equitable access.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the multifaceted ethical, legal, and social issues is paramount for the responsible advancement of iPS cell technology.
  • Proactive engagement with stakeholders is necessary to navigate the complexities of iPS cell research and application.
  • Establishing clear guidelines and policies will facilitate the ethical translation of iPS cell therapies.