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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
09:13

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

Published on: May 12, 2023

Reverse transcribing the code for chromosome stability.

Steven E Artandi1, Julia Promisel Cooper

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. sartandi@stanford.edu

Molecular Cell
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic chromosomes have linear ends called telomeres, which pose challenges for DNA replication and damage repair. Nobel Prize-winning research highlights telomeres as a critical area in biomedical science.

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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
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Published on: May 12, 2023

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear structures with distinct DNA ends.
  • These chromosome ends, known as telomeres, present unique challenges to cellular machinery.
  • Telomeres are critical for maintaining genomic stability and preventing DNA damage responses.

Discussion:

  • The DNA replication machinery encounters obstacles at chromosome termini.
  • Cellular damage response systems must distinguish telomeres from DNA breaks.
  • Dysfunctional telomeres are implicated in aging and cancer.

Key Insights:

  • Telomeres protect chromosome ends from degradation and fusion.
  • The unique structure of telomeres is essential for cell viability.
  • Nobel Prize-winning research has elucidated the fundamental mechanisms of telomere maintenance.

Outlook:

  • Further research into telomere biology holds potential for therapeutic interventions.
  • Understanding telomere dynamics is key to addressing age-related diseases and cancer.
  • The field of telomere research continues to expand, offering new avenues for biomedical innovation.