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Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
10:10

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: October 5, 2015

Pulmonary surfactant and tuberculosis.

Zissis C Chroneos1, Krishna Midde, Zvjezdana Sever-Chroneos

  • 1University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, The Center of Biomedical Research, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, USA. zissis.chroneos@uthct.edu

Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary surfactant influences tuberculosis progression. Granuloma formation is impaired in mice with reduced surfactant breakdown, leading to more severe lung disease and higher bacterial loads.

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09:57

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: April 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Alveolar type II epithelial cells secrete pulmonary surfactant, crucial for lung function.
  • Pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D influence Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagocytosis by macrophages.
  • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) deficiency impairs surfactant catabolism and increases susceptibility to tuberculosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of pulmonary surfactant in chronic tuberculosis lesions.
  • To compare lung pathology in GM-CSF-deficient mice and controls after sub-acute M. tuberculosis infection.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of lung pathology in wild-type (WT), GM-CSF-deficient, and GM-CSF-corrected mice six months post-aerosol infection.
  • Histological analysis to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inflammatory cells, and surfactant proteins (SP-B).

Main Results:

  • GM-CSF-deficient mice exhibited intra-bronchial and intra-alveolar lesions with abundant mycobacteria and extracellular surfactant protein B (SP-B).
  • WT and GM-CSF-corrected mice developed organized epithelioid granulomas with M. tuberculosis contained within macrophages.
  • SP-B was found in extracellular proteinaceous material in deficient mice, but within SP-B positive cells in granulomas of WT and corrected mice.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired surfactant catabolism, linked to GM-CSF deficiency, leads to exacerbated tuberculosis pathology.
  • Pulmonary surfactant is a significant factor in host response to mycobacterial infection in the distal lung.