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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Dealing with DNA damage: relationships between checkpoint and repair pathways.

Daniël O Warmerdam1, Roland Kanaar

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Mutation Research
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair pathways maintain genomic stability by coordinating responses to genotoxic stress. Understanding their interplay, regulated by post-translational modifications and cell cycle control, is crucial for DNA damage management.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Genotoxic stress triggers complex cellular responses involving DNA damage checkpoints and repair pathways.
  • Genomic stability is maintained through the coordinated action of these pathways.
  • Various DNA lesions, including double-stranded breaks and single-stranded gaps, arise from genotoxic insults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cooperative mechanisms between DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoints.
  • To discuss the role of post-translational modifications in regulating the DNA damage response.
  • To highlight the importance of cell cycle-dependent regulation in DNA repair and checkpoint activation.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of DNA repair and checkpoint activation processes.
  • Analysis of post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitination) in DNA damage response.
  • Review of in vivo imaging techniques for studying DNA damage response dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Processing of DNA lesions by nucleases generates intermediates essential for checkpoint activation and repair.
  • Post-translational modifications dynamically regulate the DNA damage response spatially and temporally.
  • Cell cycle-dependent regulation is critical for coordinating DNA repair and checkpoint functions.

Conclusions:

  • DNA repair and checkpoints form an interwoven network essential for genomic stability.
  • Post-translational modifications and cell cycle control are key regulators of this network.
  • Recent in vivo imaging advances provide new insights into the intricate relationships within the DNA damage response.