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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Massive pulmonary embolism in children.

J Scott Baird1, James S Killinger, Kathy J Kalkbrenner

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY 10032, USA. jsb106@columbia.edu

The Journal of Pediatrics
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Massive pulmonary embolism in children is often fatal, with malignancies a frequent cause. Diagnosis is delayed, and outcomes are worse compared to adults, highlighting a critical need for improved pediatric care.

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Published on: November 4, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious condition with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Pediatric PE is less common than in adults but carries a high risk.
  • Understanding risk factors and outcomes in children is crucial for effective management.

Observation:

  • This study reviewed 3 pediatric cases of massive pulmonary embolism and 17 recent reports.
  • Malignancies were identified as a frequent underlying cause in 40% of pediatric cases.
  • Sudden death occurred in 60% of the pediatric patients.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of PE in children was significantly more likely to be made post-mortem (autopsy) compared to adults (P < .0001).
  • Pediatric patients were more frequently treated with surgical interventions like embolectomy/thrombectomy (P = .0006).
  • Overall mortality for pediatric PE was significantly higher than in adult populations (P = .03).

Implications:

  • The findings underscore the diagnostic challenges and poor prognosis of massive PE in children.
  • Early recognition and intervention strategies are needed to improve survival rates.
  • Further research into the specific mechanisms and optimal treatments for pediatric PE is warranted.