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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
07:02

Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Published on: February 10, 2026

Chronic inflammation potentiates kidney aging.

Changlin Mei1, Feng Zheng

  • 1Nephrology Institute of PLA, Department of Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Seminars in Nephrology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging is linked to chronic inflammation due to factors like cellular senescence and oxidative stress. This inflammation can worsen kidney aging and disease progression.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
07:02

Mouse Model of Acute to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Published on: February 10, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Aging is associated with chronic inflammation, marked by elevated inflammatory markers like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  • Cellular senescence, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are key contributors to age-related inflammation.
  • The kidney plays a crucial role in clearing inflammatory molecules and AGEs, making it susceptible to age-related functional decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted mechanisms driving chronic inflammation during aging.
  • To investigate the interplay between cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and kidney function in the aging process.
  • To understand how reduced renal function in aging exacerbates inflammation and kidney damage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging, inflammation, oxidative stress, and kidney disease.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in cellular senescence and inflammatory responses.
  • Examination of the role of advanced glycation end products and their clearance by the kidney.

Main Results:

  • Chronic inflammation in aging involves immune cell dysregulation, parenchymal cell changes, and contributions from senescent cells.
  • Oxidative stress, through pathways like p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), induces cell senescence and inflammation.
  • Reduced kidney function in aging impairs the clearance of inflammatory mediators and AGEs, promoting further oxidative stress and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of aging, driven by cellular and molecular factors.
  • Oxidative stress and cellular senescence are critical mediators of inflammation in aging.
  • Impaired renal function exacerbates inflammation and contributes to kidney aging and disease progression.