Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Coronavirus

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...

The Replisome

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

The Replisome

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

Viruses with RNA Genomes

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

EXPRESS: Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 and human new pandemic H1N1 virus exposure in domestic cats with outdoor access in the Netherlands in 2024.

Journal of feline medicine and surgery·2026

Same author

Pathogen-specific immune responses might underlie divergent outcomes of coronavirus and influenza infection in the natural porcine host.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

Atg18 interaction positions Atg2 for efficient lipid transfer into phagophore elongation.

The EMBO journal·2026

Same author

Paramyxovirus infection driven by heteromultivalent sialoglycotope binding.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Ugi-Tetrazole-Derived α‑Aminomethyl Scaffolds Reveal Unexpected Binding Modes in SARS-CoV‑2 3CLpro.

ACS medicinal chemistry letters·2026

Same author

NRF2 controls a diverse network of antiviral effectors with p62 acting as a central restriction factor effective across virus families.

Redox biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

Dynamics of coronavirus replication-transcription complexes.

Marne C Hagemeijer¹, Monique H Verheije, Mustafa Ulasli

¹Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Journal of Virology

|December 17, 2009

Summary

Coronaviruses form double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) for replication. The nsp2 protein is essential for anchoring replication-transcription complexes (RTCs) to DMVs, with dynamics similar to other RNA viruses.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Published on: November 12, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Published on: July 27, 2021

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Published on: November 12, 2015

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Coronaviruses induce double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) in infected cells, serving as platforms for replication-transcription complexes (RTCs).
Understanding the dynamics of these viral replicative structures is crucial for comprehending viral replication mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamics of coronavirus replicative structures, focusing on the role of the nonstructural protein nsp2.
To determine the essential domains of nsp2 for RTC anchoring and to analyze the movement and stability of nsp2-associated structures within infected cells.

Main Methods:

Generation of recombinant murine hepatitis coronaviruses expressing tagged nsp2.
Immunofluorescence assays and electron microscopy to visualize nsp2 localization.
Live-cell imaging to track nsp2-positive structures and their movement.
Biochemical analyses and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments to assess nsp2 exchange dynamics.

Main Results:

The nsp2 protein is recruited to DMV-anchored RTCs, with its C terminus being essential for this process.
Small nsp2-positive structures exhibit microtubule-dependent movement, while larger structures are largely immobile.
Biochemical analyses show nsp2 associated with the cytoplasmic side of DMVs, but FRAP experiments indicate nsp2 is stably incorporated into RTCs, with no exchange with cytoplasmic nsp2.

Conclusions:

The nsp2 protein plays a critical role in anchoring RTCs to DMVs, and its dynamics within these structures are highly stable.
The observed microtubule-dependent transport of nsp2-positive structures is not essential for efficient viral replication.
The findings reveal similarities in RTC dynamics between coronaviruses and hepatitis C virus, suggesting conserved mechanisms among plus-strand RNA viruses.