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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Peptide-MHC class II complex stability governs CD4 T cell clonal selection.

Christina K Baumgartner1, Andrea Ferrante, Mika Nagaoka

  • 1BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The stability of peptide-MHC class II complexes influences T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity. Longer peptide half-lives broaden the CD4 T cell response by recruiting diverse TCRs, while shorter half-lives focus it on high-affinity clonotypes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T cell biology
  • Adaptive immunity

Background:

  • The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire composition is crucial for effective infection control and preventing autoimmunity.
  • Mechanisms governing the regulation of the responding TCR repertoire are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the stability of peptide-MHC class II complexes impacts the clonal composition of CD4 T cell responses.
  • To determine the role of peptide binding half-life in shaping the diversity of the T cell repertoire.

Main Methods:

  • Immunization of mice with peptides exhibiting varying binding half-lives to MHC class II molecules.
  • Analysis of the clonotypic diversity and affinity of the resulting CD4 T cell populations.

Main Results:

  • All peptides induced similar T cell response sizes, but clonotypic diversity correlated with peptide half-life.
  • Short half-life peptides narrowed the CD4 T cell response to high-affinity clonotypes with restricted TCRs.
  • Longer half-life peptides broadened the response by including lower-affinity clonotypes with diverse TCRs.
  • Longer half-life peptides did not eliminate high-affinity clonotypes and could skew responses toward higher affinity at low doses.

Conclusions:

  • Peptide-MHC class II complex half-life is a key determinant of CD4 T cell repertoire clonotypic diversity.
  • TCR repertoire shaping is influenced by the stability of the antigenic peptide presented by MHC class II molecules.