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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular spaces.

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Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish
08:32

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Published on: February 22, 2019

Asynchronous RAG-1 expression during B lymphopoiesis.

Robert S Welner1, Brandt L Esplin, Karla P Garrett

  • 1Immunobiology & Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) is more flexible than previously thought. A new fate-mapping model shows RAG-1 expression marks early B cell progenitors, revealing distinct differentiation pathways and lineage stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Hematopoiesis

Background:

  • Cell surface markers and gene expression patterns are used to understand hematopoietic differentiation.
  • The precise sequence of differentiation events in hematopoiesis is not fully understood.
  • Identifying key milestones in cell differentiation remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel fate-mapping model to track lymphoid lineage relationships.
  • To investigate the heterogeneity and differentiation potential of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs).
  • To determine the lineage stability of RAG-1 expressing progenitors.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a fate-mapping model using permanent red fluorescence to mark cells with a history of RAG-1 expression.
  • Analyzed RAG-1 marked cells in bone marrow, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), myeloid progenitors, dendritic cell progenitors, and CLPs.
  • Compared the characteristics and differentiation potential of RAG-1 marked CLPs versus unlabeled CLPs.
  • Assessed lineage stability of marked and unmarked CLPs upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Main Results:

  • RAG-1 expression permanently marks early lymphoid progenitors and lymphoid-affiliated cells.
  • Heterogeneity was observed among canonical CLPs in bone marrow.
  • RAG-1 marked CLPs showed higher IL-7Ralpha, lower c-Kit, and faster CD19+ lymphocyte generation compared to unlabeled CLPs.
  • RAG-1 marked CLPs were less likely to generate dendritic and NK cells and exhibited greater lineage stability when exposed to LPS.

Conclusions:

  • Essential events in B lymphopoiesis are not tightly synchronized.
  • Progenitors with an increased probability of becoming lymphocytes express RAG-1 at different stages of differentiation.
  • RAG-1 expression serves as a reliable marker for early lymphoid commitment and lineage stability.