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Fat mass exerts a greater effect on cortical bone mass in girls than boys
Adrian Sayers1, Jonathan H Tobias
1Academic Rheumatology, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom.
Context:
It is unclear whether fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) differ in the way they influence cortical bone development in boys and girls.
Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate the contributions of total body FM and LM to parameters related to cortical bone mass and geometry.
Design/Setting:
We conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
Participants:
A total of 4005 boys and girls (mean age, 15.5 yr) participated in the study.
Outcome Measures:
We measured cortical bone mass, cortical bone mineral content (BMC(C)), cortical bone mineral density, periosteal circumference (PC), and endosteal circumference by tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography.
Results:
LM had a similar positive association with BMC(C) in boys and girls [regression coefficients with 95% confidence interval (CI); P for gender interactions: boys/girls, 0.952 (0.908, 0.997); P = 0.85]. However, the mechanisms by which LM influenced bone mass differed according to gender because LM was positively associated with PC more strongly in girls [boys, 0.579 (0.522, 0.635); girls, 0.799 (0.722, 0.875); P < 0.0001], but was only associated with cortical bone mineral density in boys [boys, 0.443 (0.382, 0.505); girls, 0.014 (-0.070, 0.097); P < 0.0001]. There was a stronger positive association between FM and BMC(C) in girls [boys, 0.227 (0.185, 0.269); girls, 0.355 (0.319, 0.392); P < 0.0001]. This reflected both a greater positive association of FM with PC in girls [boys, 0.213 (0.174, 0.253); girls, 0.312 (0.278, 0.347); P = 0.0002], and a stronger negative association with endosteal circumference(PC) [boys, -0.059 (-0.096, 0.021); girls, -0.181 (-0.215, -0.146); P < 0.0001].
Conclusions:
Whereas LM stimulates the accrual of cortical bone mass to a similar extent in boys and girls, FM is a stronger stimulus for accrual of cortical bone mass in girls, reflecting a greater tendency in females for FM to stimulate periosteal growth and suppress endosteal expansion.
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