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Sexual Development and Ascospore Discharge in Fusarium graminearum
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Håvard Kauserud1, Einar Heegaard, Mikhail A Semenov

  • 1Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. haavarka@bio.uio.no

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Spring fungi in Norway and the UK are fruiting earlier due to global warming. Analysis of 6000 records from 1960-2007 shows a trend towards earlier fruiting, linked to warmer winters and earlier springs.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Phenology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Most macrofungi fruit in autumn, but some species have adapted to spring fruiting.
  • Temporal shifts in fungal phenology may indicate responses to climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate temporal changes in spring macrofungi fruiting times in Norway and the UK from 1960 to 2007.
  • To determine the relationship between climate variables and the timing of spring fungal fruiting.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical analysis of approximately 6000 herbarium and field records for 34 macrofungi species.
  • Linear trend analysis to detect changes in fruiting dates over the study period.
  • Correlation analysis between fruiting times and climatic data (winter temperatures, vernal accumulated thermal time).

Main Results:

  • A significant trend towards earlier spring fruiting was detected in both Norway and the UK, with an average advancement of 18 days over the study period.
  • Earlier fruiting was correlated with higher winter temperatures, suggesting an earlier onset of spring as a primary driver.
  • Mycelial response to climate conditions extended beyond a single growing season, influencing subsequent fruiting times.

Conclusions:

  • Global warming has led to progressively earlier spring fungal fruiting in northwest Europe over the last half-century.
  • Observed phenological shifts in spring fungi are likely linked to climate change, specifically warmer winters and earlier springs.
  • Fungal phenology serves as a sensitive indicator of climate change impacts on ecosystems.