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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...

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Related Experiment Videos

Pregnancy-associated thrombosis.

Andra H James1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA. james031@mc.duke.edu

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy significantly increases the risk of thromboembolism due to hypercoagulability. Anticoagulation is reserved for high-risk individuals to manage bleeding and thrombosis risks during pregnancy and postpartum.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Pregnancy induces a hypercoagulable state, increasing thromboembolism risk by 4-5 fold.
  • Venous thromboembolism (VTE) accounts for 80% of these events, with an incidence of 0.49-1.72 per 1000 pregnancies.
  • Risk factors include prior thrombosis, thrombophilia, advanced maternal age, and pregnancy complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risks and management of thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
  • To identify candidates for anticoagulation therapy and outline management strategies.
  • To highlight the evidence base and expert opinion guiding anticoagulation in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of case series and expert opinion.
  • Extrapolation of data from nonpregnant patients.
  • Analysis of risk factors and incidence of VTE in pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • Most pregnant women do not require anticoagulation.
  • Anticoagulation is indicated for current VTE, history of VTE, thrombophilia with poor pregnancy outcome, or significant postpartum VTE risk factors.
  • Anticoagulation management requires careful manipulation at delivery to balance bleeding and thrombosis risks.

Conclusions:

  • Anticoagulants are believed to improve pregnancy outcomes for women with a history of VTE.
  • Evidence for anticoagulation in pregnancy is limited, relying on case series and expert consensus.
  • Individualized risk assessment is crucial for managing thromboembolism in pregnancy.