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Related Concept Videos

Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...
Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines
06:38

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Published on: November 8, 2011

Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis.

Andy C Rawstron1

  • 1HMDS, Department of Haematology, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom. andy.rawstron@hmds.org.uk

Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) phenotype is common and usually stable. Early detection of abnormal B-cells is now possible, but progression to leukemia is rare, though immune function impacts outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines
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Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Published on: November 8, 2011

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Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

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A Simple Red Blood Cell Lysis Method for the Establishment of B Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines
09:49

A Simple Red Blood Cell Lysis Method for the Establishment of B Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Published on: January 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) incidence and presentation have evolved.
  • Advanced diagnostics detect low-level abnormal B-cells, leading to the Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) category.
  • CLL-type MBL is the predominant MBL subtype in diagnostic settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review CLL-type MBL, its diagnostic criteria, and clinical implications.
  • To highlight the relationship between MBL and CLL.
  • To discuss factors influencing MBL progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic techniques for CLL and MBL.
  • Analysis of phenotypic and chromosomal similarities between CLL and CLL-type MBL.
  • Examination of immunoglobulin gene usage in abnormal B-cells.
  • Assessment of MBL stability and progression rates.

Main Results:

  • CLL-type MBL shares identical phenotypes and chromosomal abnormalities with CLL.
  • Immunoglobulin gene usage may predict the expansion of abnormal B-cells.
  • Most CLL-type MBL cases remain stable, with <1% progressing annually.
  • Impaired immune function can significantly affect patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • CLL-type MBL is a distinct entity with CLL-like characteristics.
  • While generally stable, MBL requires monitoring, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Understanding MBL pathogenesis is crucial for predicting disease progression.