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Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
If  ζ...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
08:12

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

Stochastic two-delay differential model of delayed visual feedback effects on postural dynamics.

Jason Boulet1, Ramesh Balasubramaniam, Andreas Daffertshofer

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. jboul079@uottawa.ca

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altering visual feedback delay impacts upright stance control. Our model explains how visual and proprioceptive delays affect body sway, revealing a

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A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training
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A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training

Published on: January 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
08:12

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training
09:13

A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training

Published on: January 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics and motor control
  • Human sensorimotor systems
  • Systems neuroscience

Background:

  • Upright stance relies on complex visuo-postural control loops.
  • Visual feedback is crucial for maintaining balance.
  • Understanding the impact of delayed visual information is key to sensorimotor research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of experimentally manipulated visual feedback delays on upright stance.
  • To model the dynamics of center-of-pressure (COP) and center-of-mass (COM) under delayed visual conditions.
  • To propose and test a novel 'drifting fixed point' hypothesis for COM fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of visual feedback delay (0-1s) during quiet upright standing.
  • Stochastic delay differential equations used for modeling COP and COM dynamics.
  • Inclusion of independent delay terms for vision and proprioception.
  • Analysis of probability density functions, power spectral densities, and correlation exponents (Hurst exponents).

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicted experimental data across various metrics.
  • Introduced a 'drifting fixed point' hypothesis to explain COM fluctuations.
  • Modeled COP as a faster corrective process for COM dynamics.
  • Identified critical time scales differentiating short- and long-term correlations.

Conclusions:

  • The visuo-postural control system is sensitive to visual feedback delays.
  • The proposed model effectively captures the complex interplay between visual, proprioceptive, and motor control.
  • The 'drifting fixed point' hypothesis offers a new framework for understanding postural control dynamics.