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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)01:42

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis
06:39

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Published on: March 14, 2018

ISWI is a RanGTP-dependent MAP required for chromosome segregation.

Hideki Yokoyama1, Sofia Rybina, Rachel Santarella-Mellwig

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. yokoyama@embl.de

The Journal of Cell Biology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The protein ISWI maintains spindle microtubules during anaphase by responding to RanGTP, which is crucial for correct chromosome segregation after initial spindle assembly.

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10:15

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RanGTP orchestrates spindle assembly by activating nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing factors near chromosomes.
  • The chromatin-remodeling ATPase ISWI is identified as a key player in this process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ISWI in microtubule (MT) dynamics and chromosome segregation during mitosis.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which RanGTP influences ISWI activity and spindle stability.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assays using recombinant ISWI to assess its effects on microtubules.
  • Depletion studies in Xenopus egg extracts and Drosophila S2 cells.
  • Microscopy to observe spindle assembly, MT dynamics, and chromosome behavior.

Main Results:

  • Recombinant ISWI promotes MT nucleation, stabilization, and bundling in vitro.
  • ISWI localizes to the nucleus in interphase and mitotic spindles.
  • ISWI depletion disrupts anaphase spindle MTs and chromosome segregation without affecting initial spindle assembly.
  • ISWI is essential for RanGTP-dependent MT stabilization during anaphase.

Conclusions:

  • ISWI acts as a RanGTP-dependent MT-associated protein crucial for maintaining spindle integrity during anaphase.
  • RanGTP locally activates ISWI to stabilize MTs, ensuring proper chromosome segregation independently of spindle assembly.
  • This function of ISWI is vital for cell viability and proliferation.