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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: October 9, 2014

Sex-specific and lineage-specific alternative splicing in primates.

Ran Blekhman1, John C Marioni, Paul Zumbo

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. blekhman@uchicago.edu

Genome Research
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Natural selection shapes gene expression across species. RNA sequencing reveals conserved sex-specific gene patterns in primates and highlights alternative splicing

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Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data
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Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data

Published on: June 24, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genomics
  • Comparative transcriptomics
  • Gene regulation

Background:

  • Comparative gene regulation studies suggest natural selection influences gene expression patterns.
  • Previous studies using microarrays were limited by probe design, assessing only a fraction of each gene.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To utilize RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for a detailed assessment of intra- and interspecies variation in gene regulatory processes.
  • To identify genes likely evolving under natural selection in primates, including those with conserved sexually dimorphic expression.

Main Methods:

  • Employed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze transcript levels.
  • Studied liver RNA samples from humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques (3 males, 3 females each).

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous genes whose expression levels appear to evolve under natural selection in primates.
  • Discovered conserved sexually dimorphic expression patterns enriched for lipid metabolism genes across species.
  • Observed tightly regulated alternative splicing, with frequent sex- and lineage-specific changes in splice form expression.

Conclusions:

  • RNA-seq provides unprecedented detail on gene regulation variation within and between species.
  • Conserved sexually dimorphic expression in lipid metabolism genes suggests evolutionary pressures.
  • Lineage-specific alternative splicing changes, particularly in humans, may drive evolutionary changes in anatomy and morphogenesis.