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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor
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Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

Multiple extrathymic precursors contribute to T-cell development with different kinetics.

Namita Saran1, Marcin Łyszkiewicz, Jens Pommerencke

  • 1Institute for Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Blood
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Multiple bone marrow progenitor populations, including multipotent progenitors (MPPs) and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), can develop into T-cells. Their varied differentiation rates ensure a steady supply for thymus development.

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Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays
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Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays

Published on: June 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Hematopoiesis

Background:

  • T-cell development in the thymus requires a consistent supply of progenitors from the bone marrow.
  • The precise identity and diversity of physiological T-cell precursors seeding the thymus remain unclear.
  • Previous studies identified various extrathymic progenitors with T-lineage potential, but their in vivo relevance is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature and contribution of various bone marrow-derived precursor populations to T-lineage differentiation under physiological conditions.
  • To determine whether a single or multiple precursor populations are responsible for seeding the thymus.
  • To assess the T-cell potential of different extrathymic progenitor subsets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a competitive in vivo assay involving the depletion of specific bone marrow-derived precursor populations.
  • Minimized alterations to physiological precursor ratios to accurately assess their contribution.
  • Analyzed the T-lineage differentiation potential of multipotent progenitor (MPP) and common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) subsets.

Main Results:

  • Identified multiple precursor populations with robust T-lineage potential, including both MPP and CLP subsets.
  • Observed considerable variation in the differentiation kinetics among different precursor types.
  • Demonstrated that the thymus imposes T-cell fate on any precursor capable of occupying progenitor niches.

Conclusions:

  • The thymus utilizes a diverse range of precursors, including MPPs and CLPs, for T-cell development.
  • Varied differentiation rates of these precursors contribute to a continuous thymic output.
  • The thymus acts as a central site for enforcing T-cell fate on incoming progenitors.