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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates
06:10

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates

Published on: May 9, 2025

T-cell engineering for cancer immunotherapy.

Michel Sadelain1

  • 1Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. m-sadelain@ski.mskcc.org

Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adoptive cell therapy for cancer shows promise. Genetically engineering T cells with T-cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) enhances tumor targeting and immune response for melanoma and other cancers.

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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Adoptive cell transfer of tumor-reactive T cells is a key cancer immunotherapy strategy.
  • Challenges in isolating and expanding tumor-reactive T cells necessitate alternative approaches.
  • Genetic engineering of peripheral blood T cells offers a viable solution for cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe advancements in T-cell receptor (TCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technologies for cancer immunotherapy.
  • To highlight strategies for overcoming challenges in T-cell transduction and expansion for clinical applications.
  • To review the potential of engineered T cells in treating various hematological malignancies and solid tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic transfer of antigen-specific receptors, including TCRs and CARs, into peripheral blood T cells.
  • Vector and protein modifications to optimize TCR expression and minimize mis-pairing.
  • Engineering CARs with enhanced signaling properties through the inclusion of activating and costimulatory domains.

Main Results:

  • Successful expression of TCR chains in human T cells at functional levels with reduced risk of mis-pairing.
  • Significantly enhanced signaling properties of second-generation CARs.
  • Development of effective T-cell transduction and expansion procedures for clinical investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered T cells, including improved TCRs and CARs, represent a promising therapeutic avenue for diverse cancers.
  • Ongoing evaluation of these advanced immunotherapies in clinical trials for hematological malignancies and solid tumors.
  • Significant progress in overcoming technical hurdles facilitates the clinical translation of adoptive cell therapy.