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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Novel immunotherapies.

Qing Yi1

  • 1Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. qyi@mdanderson.org

Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Novel immunotherapies targeting multiple myeloma aim to eradicate remaining cancer cells after treatment. These strategies focus on inducing myeloma-specific immunity using T-cells or therapeutic antibodies for improved patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma remains a fatal disease, with relapse being a primary cause of treatment failure despite advancements.
  • Effective strategies for post-transplantation immunomodulation are needed to eliminate residual myeloma cells.
  • Immunotherapy, targeting tumor-specific antigens like idiotype protein, is being explored to induce myeloma-specific immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel immunotherapies for multiple myeloma.
  • To discuss potential myeloma antigens, T-cell functions, and T-cell-based and antibody-based immunotherapies.
  • To explore clinical studies and future applications of T-cell-based immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on multiple myeloma immunotherapies.
  • Discussion of tumor-specific antigens, particularly idiotype protein.
  • Analysis of clinical studies involving T-cell-based immunotherapy, including vaccination and stem-cell transplantation.

Main Results:

  • Idiotype protein is a well-defined tumor-specific antigen for immunotherapy.
  • T-cell-based and antibody-based immunotherapies show promise for treating multiple myeloma.
  • Clinical studies of T-cell-based strategies are ongoing, with potential for future applications.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapies utilizing specific T cells or therapeutic antibodies represent promising novel strategies for multiple myeloma treatment.
  • Further research and clinical application of antigen-specific T-cell infusions hold potential for improved patient outcomes.
  • Inducing myeloma-specific immunity is crucial for overcoming treatment resistance and achieving long-term remission.