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Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

Intraoperative computed tomography with integrated navigation system in spinal stabilizations.

Stefan Zausinger¹, Ben Scheder, Eberhard Uhl

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. Stefan.Zausinger@med.uni-muenchen.de

|December 17, 2009

Summary

Image-guided spinal navigation using intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) significantly improves pedicle screw placement accuracy and patient safety in spinal stabilization surgery. This advanced technique eliminates reoperations due to implant malposition and enhances clinical outcomes.

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A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Published on: October 17, 2025

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement

Published on: May 11, 2020

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Orthopedic Surgery
Medical Imaging

Background:

Routine fluoroscopy for pedicle screw placement lacks consistent reliability in spinal stabilization surgery.
Image-guided spinal navigation with intraoperative CT offers a potential solution for enhanced safety and precision.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the workflow, feasibility, and clinical outcomes of navigated spinal stabilization procedures using intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) data acquisition.
To assess the accuracy and impact of intraoperative CT-guided navigation on spinal stabilization surgery.

Main Methods:

A prospective interventional case-series study combined with retrospective analysis.
CT data from 94 patients undergoing spinal stabilization (thoracolumbar, C1/2, cervicothoracic) were acquired using a sliding gantry 40-slice CT.
Data were processed on a frameless infrared-based neuronavigation workstation; intraoperative CT assessed instrumentation accuracy and decompression extent.

Main Results:

Navigation system accuracy was <2 mm (0.95 +/- 0.3 mm).
Intraoperative CT identified 4.8% of screws with incorrect placement (>2 mm), leading to correction in 2.4% without neurological damage.
The overall revision rate was 8.5%, with no reoperations for implant malposition; all patients showed clinical improvement.

Conclusions:

Intraoperative CT combined with neuronavigation ensures high accuracy and safety in spinal stabilization by preventing implant malposition-related reoperations.
The system integrates seamlessly into existing operating environments, is rapid, and avoids additional radiation exposure by replacing pre- and postoperative imaging.
Multidisciplinary use enhances system utilization and cost-efficiency.