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Detection of Protein Ubiquitination Sites by Peptide Enrichment and Mass Spectrometry
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Proteasomes in immune cells: more than peptide producers?

Marcus Groettrup1, Christopher J Kirk, Michael Basler

  • 1Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Constance, Konstanz, Germany. Marcus.Groettrup@uni-konstanz.de

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed

When cells are stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, most of their constitutively expressed proteasomes are replaced with immunoproteasomes, which increase the production of peptides for presentation on MHC class I molecules. In addition, cortical thymic epithelial cells selectively express a type of proteasome known as the thymoproteasome that is required for the positive selection of thymocytes. Here, we discuss how these specialized types of proteasome shape the T cell receptor repertoire of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and propose that immunoproteasomes have functions, in addition to antigen processing, that influence cytokine production and T cell differentiation, survival and function. We also discuss how inhibitors of immunoproteasomes can suppress undesired T cell responses in autoimmune diseases.

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