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Related Concept Videos

X and Y Chromosomes02:32

X and Y Chromosomes

Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Combined DNA-RNA Fluorescent In situ Hybridization (FISH) to Study X Chromosome Inactivation in Differentiated Female Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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X chromosome and suicide.

L M Fiori1, H Zouk, C Himmelman

  • 1McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Molecular Psychiatry
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic factors on the X chromosome may influence suicide risk in males. This study identified specific X-linked gene regions and their differential brain expression in suicide completers, suggesting a potential genetic component to male suicide risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Suicide completion rates are higher in males than females globally.
  • While environmental and behavioral factors are known contributors, genetic influences on gender differences in suicide risk remain underexplored.
  • Differential gene expression between genders may play a role in moderating suicide risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of X-linked genes in suicide.
  • To identify specific chromosomal regions and genes on the X chromosome associated with suicide.
  • To examine differential brain expression of candidate genes in suicide completers.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step strategy was employed using a French-Canadian population.
  • Step 1 involved genotyping 722 males (333 suicide completers, 389 controls) with 37 X-chromosome microsatellite markers.
  • Step 2 analyzed differential brain gene expression in specific Brodmann areas in an independent sample.

Main Results:

  • Nine haplotype windows and several markers on the X chromosome were associated with suicide.
  • Significant associations were found in two distinct chromosomal regions (long and short arms).
  • Six genes within these regions exhibited differential expression in the brains of suicide completers.

Conclusions:

  • Specific regions and genes on the X chromosome are associated with suicide.
  • Differential expression of these X-linked genes in the brain may contribute to suicide risk in males.
  • These findings suggest a potential genetic contribution to gender differences in suicide.