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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

Epidermal growth factor signalling and bone metastasis.

X Lu1, Y Kang

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

British Journal of Cancer
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling drives bone metastasis in cancers like breast and prostate by promoting tumor cell growth. Targeting its receptors (ERBB) could offer new treatments for bone metastasis.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Metastasis Research

Background:

  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling is crucial for normal development and tissue maintenance.
  • The EGF/ERBB pathway is implicated in various cancers, particularly in tumor progression and metastasis.
  • Emerging evidence highlights EGF signaling's role in mediating bone metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of EGF signaling in bone metastasis.
  • To investigate the mechanisms by which EGF signaling promotes bone metastasis.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of targeting ERBB receptors in bone metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on EGF signaling and bone metastasis.
  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical data related to EGF/ERBB pathway in bone metastasis.

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Models of Bone Metastasis
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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Intra-Cardiac Injection of Human Prostate Cancer Cells to Create a Bone Metastasis Xenograft Mouse Model

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08:49

Models of Bone Metastasis

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  • Examination of the direct and indirect effects of EGF signaling on bone metastasis.

    • Main Results:

    • EGF signaling directly enhances tumor cell proliferation within bone microenvironments.
    • EGF signaling indirectly promotes metastasis by activating bone stromal cells.
    • This pathway is a significant mediator of bone metastasis in breast, prostate, and kidney cancers.

    Conclusions:

    • EGF signaling is a key driver of bone metastasis through direct and indirect mechanisms.
    • Targeting ERBB receptors presents a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with bone metastasis.
    • Clinical trials evaluating ERBB-targeted therapies for bone metastasis are warranted.