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Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
07:30

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique

Published on: April 1, 2022

High-output fistula.

Naila Arebi1, Alastair Forbes

  • 1Department of Medicine, St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom.

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-output fistulae mortality remains high despite healthcare advances. This review covers fistula causes, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
High-output fistulaenutritionpathophysiologysomatostatin

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A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction
08:39

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Published on: May 31, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
07:30

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique

Published on: April 1, 2022

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction
08:39

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Published on: May 31, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Science

Background:

  • High-output fistulae present a persistent challenge in healthcare, with unchanged mortality rates despite advancements.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology and etiology of fistulae is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology and causes of high-output fistulae.
  • To outline diagnostic procedures for identifying fistulae, associated bowel disease, and complications.
  • To describe the management strategies for high-output fistulae.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on fistula pathophysiology, causes, and diagnostic modalities.
  • Overview of current management protocols for high-output fistulae.

Main Results:

  • Mortality rates for high-output fistulae have not improved.
  • Diagnostic procedures help delineate fistulae, underlying bowel disease, and complications.
  • Multidisciplinary conservative management is key until fistula closure.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management requires a comprehensive approach, including patient assessment and stabilization.
  • Conservative management by a multidisciplinary team is essential for high-output fistulae.
  • Spontaneous or surgical closure remains the ultimate goal in fistula treatment.