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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
06:09

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells

Published on: June 7, 2019

Anal melanoma.

Marc Singer1, Matthew G Mutch

  • 1Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA.

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Anal melanoma is a rare and aggressive cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial as patients often present with advanced disease, and there are no long-term survivors for stage II or III.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Anal melanoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis.
  • Patients frequently present with advanced or metastatic disease.
  • Unlike cutaneous melanoma, anal melanoma lacks identifiable risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of anal melanoma diagnosis and treatment.
  • To highlight the critical need for early detection and intervention.
  • To discuss therapeutic options and their associated outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on anal melanoma.
  • Analysis of treatment modalities including surgical excision (APR vs. WLE).
  • Evaluation of adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy, interferon, and radiation.
Keywords:
Melanomaabdominoperineal resectionanalmalignancywide local excision

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Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Published on: June 7, 2019

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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Published on: May 18, 2018

Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography
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Published on: December 2, 2022

Main Results:

  • Surgical excision is the primary treatment, but definitive evidence comparing APR and WLE for long-term survival is lacking.
  • Abdominal perineal resection (APR) may provide better local control but is more morbid.
  • Wide local excision (WLE) is less morbid but its long-term efficacy compared to APR is uncertain.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are paramount for improving outcomes in anal melanoma.
  • There are no long-term survivors in stage II or III disease, emphasizing the urgency.
  • Adjuvant therapies may offer potential benefits, warranting further investigation.