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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

In vitro Functional Characterization of Mouse Colorectal Afferent Endings
14:09

In vitro Functional Characterization of Mouse Colorectal Afferent Endings

Published on: January 21, 2015

Functional anorectal disorders.

Melissa L Times1, Craig A Reickert

  • 1Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Functional anorectal disorders present with constipation and other symptoms. Diagnosis requires a combination of clinical evaluation and specialized tests, with medical treatments like biofeedback being the first line.

Keywords:
Solitary rectal ulcer syndromefunctional anorectal disordersnonrelaxing puborectalis syndromerectocele

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

In vitro Functional Characterization of Mouse Colorectal Afferent Endings
14:09

In vitro Functional Characterization of Mouse Colorectal Afferent Endings

Published on: January 21, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Colorectal Surgery
  • Pelvic Floor Disorders

Background:

  • Functional anorectal disorders encompass conditions such as solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, rectocele, nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome, and descending perineal syndrome.
  • Patients often report "constipation" but exhibit a complex clinical picture including rectal pain, bleeding, digital manipulation, incomplete evacuation, and obstruction sensation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic challenges and current management strategies for functional anorectal disorders.
  • To emphasize the multidisciplinary approach required for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on integrating clinical presentation with objective assessments.
  • Key diagnostic tools include defecography, anorectal manometry, pudendal terminal motor nerve latency studies, and histopathological examination.
  • Clinical assessment is crucial, as many findings overlap with normal physiological variations.

Main Results:

  • Accurate diagnosis is often challenging due to the non-specific nature of symptoms and overlapping findings.
  • A combination of clinical evaluation and specialized investigations is necessary for definitive diagnosis.
  • Medical management, including dietary modifications and biofeedback therapy, is the primary treatment approach.

Conclusions:

  • Functional anorectal disorders require a comprehensive diagnostic workup.
  • Non-surgical interventions are the mainstay of treatment.
  • Surgical options are limited to refractory cases and have variable outcomes.