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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Large Intestine01:09

Large Intestine

The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Feces Formation and Defecation01:26

Feces Formation and Defecation

After spending 3 to 10 hours in the large intestine, chyme loses a lot of water and becomes feces, the final product of digestion. Feces consist of undigested dietary fiber such as cellulose, mucus, sloughed-off epithelial cells, and microbes. The descending and sigmoid colon stores feces and uses haustral contractions to dry it out but retains enough water to give it a semi-solid texture.
The mass peristalsis then pushes the feces into the rectum, which stretches the rectal walls to activate...
Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

The C-seal: A Biofragmentable Drain Protecting the Stapled Colorectal Anastomosis from Leakage
07:51

The C-seal: A Biofragmentable Drain Protecting the Stapled Colorectal Anastomosis from Leakage

Published on: November 4, 2010

Anal fissure.

Jan Rakinic1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-9638, USA. jrakinic@siumed.edu

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Anal fissures are common and painful. While surgery can be effective, it risks incontinence; therefore, non-surgical treatments are explored for anal fissure relief.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Colorectal Surgery

Background:

  • Anal fissure is a prevalent and challenging anorectal condition.
  • Traditional surgical treatment involves internal anal sphincter division, carrying a risk of fecal incontinence.
  • Non-surgical methods offer an alternative with reduced morbidity but potentially lower healing rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current medical and surgical treatment options for anal fissures.
  • To provide guidance on selecting the appropriate treatment modality based on patient factors and expected outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of accepted modern medical therapies for anal fissure.
  • Summary of current surgical approaches for anal fissure treatment.
  • Discussion of rationale for treatment selection.
Keywords:
Anal fissureanal painsphincterotomy

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Surgical Robot-Assisted Transanal Specimen Extraction Radical Sigmoidectomy Without an Auxiliary Abdominal Incision
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Surgical Robot-Assisted Transanal Specimen Extraction Radical Sigmoidectomy Without an Auxiliary Abdominal Incision

Published on: June 13, 2025

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

The C-seal: A Biofragmentable Drain Protecting the Stapled Colorectal Anastomosis from Leakage
07:51

The C-seal: A Biofragmentable Drain Protecting the Stapled Colorectal Anastomosis from Leakage

Published on: November 4, 2010

Surgical Robot-Assisted Transanal Specimen Extraction Radical Sigmoidectomy Without an Auxiliary Abdominal Incision
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Surgical Robot-Assisted Transanal Specimen Extraction Radical Sigmoidectomy Without an Auxiliary Abdominal Incision

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Main Results:

  • Non-surgical treatments for anal fissures demonstrate lower healing rates compared to surgery.
  • Surgical interventions, while effective, are associated with significant potential complications like fecal incontinence.
  • A balanced approach considering efficacy and morbidity is crucial for treatment selection.

Conclusions:

  • Modern management of anal fissures involves a spectrum of options, from conservative medical treatments to surgical interventions.
  • The choice between medical and surgical therapy for anal fissures requires careful consideration of healing rates versus the risk of complications such as incontinence.
  • This review aims to aid physicians in selecting the optimal treatment strategy for individual anal fissure patients.