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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

Embryogenesis of bladder exstrophy: A new hypothesis.

Bharati Kulkarni¹, Navin Chaudhari

¹Department of Paediatric Surgery, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai - 400 022, India.

Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons

|December 17, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Exstrophy bladder may result from the abnormal, upward origin of the genital tubercle during embryonic development. This developmental anomaly interferes with normal mesodermal migration and fusion, leading to bladder exstrophy.

Keywords:

Bladder exstrophy embryology of cloaca genital tubercle

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A Decentralized (Ex Vivo) Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling

A Decentralized (Ex Vivo) Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling

Published on: November 28, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

A Decentralized (Ex Vivo) Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling

A Decentralized (Ex Vivo) Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling

Published on: November 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Embryology
Pediatric Surgery
Urology

Background:

Exstrophy bladder is a rare congenital anomaly with complex embryogenesis.
Previous hypotheses have not fully explained the developmental origins of exstrophy bladder.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel hypothesis for exstrophy bladder embryogenesis based on clinical observations.
To identify potential etiological factors contributing to bladder exstrophy.

Main Methods:

A retrospective study involving 27 patients with exstrophy bladder.
Measurement of specific anatomical distances in patients and age/height-matched controls.
Comparison of penile/clitoral position relative to inguinal creases and pubic symphysis.

Main Results:

A consistent anatomical relationship (A = B + C) was observed in exstrophy bladder cases.
The position of the penis/clitoris was found to be shifted cranially in exstrophy bladder patients.
Measurements indicated a cephalad displacement of the genital tubercle's origin.

Conclusions:

Abnormal cephalad origin of the genital tubercle is postulated as the primary cause of exstrophy bladder.
This abnormal origin creates a 'wedge effect,' disrupting mesodermal migration and fusion.
Interference with normal embryonic development leads to the characteristic exstrophy of the bladder.