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Related Concept Videos

Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Mutational dynamics of microsatellites.

Atul Bhargava1, F F Fuentes

  • 1Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Lucknow, India. atul_238@rediffmail.com

Molecular Biotechnology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats, are vital DNA markers used across many fields. This review explores their mutation dynamics and evolutionary impact, highlighting areas needing further research.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Microsatellites are repetitive DNA sequences found in nearly all genomes.
  • They are extensively used as polymorphic DNA markers in diverse research areas.
  • Understanding microsatellite mutation dynamics is crucial but remains incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mutational dynamics of microsatellite DNA.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving microsatellite mutations.
  • To explore the role of these mutations in microsatellite evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on microsatellite mutation dynamics.
  • Analysis of proposed mutational mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of findings related to microsatellite evolution.

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Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

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Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
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Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

Published on: February 24, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay
07:44

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

Published on: November 28, 2019

Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
11:06

Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

Published on: February 24, 2014

Main Results:

  • Microsatellite mutation mechanisms are complex and varied.
  • These mechanisms significantly influence microsatellite evolution.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand these dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Microsatellite mutation dynamics are key to their evolutionary trajectory.
  • A deeper understanding of mutation mechanisms is essential for accurate genetic analyses.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge and identifies research gaps.