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Related Concept Videos

Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Phase II Conjugation Reactions: Overview01:14

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Conjugation, a key component of phase II biotransformation reactions, is a vital process in drug detoxification. It involves transferring endogenous substances like glucuronic acid, sulfate, and glycine to drugs or their metabolites formed in phase I reactions. These conjugation reactions, often catalyzed by specific enzymes, transform potentially harmful metabolites into inactive, water-soluble forms easily excreted in urine or bile. By enhancing polarity and eliminating pharmacological...

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Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
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Carbohydrate-oligonucleotide conjugates.

Gwladys Pourceau1, Albert Meyer, Jean-Jacques Vasseur

  • 1Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France.

Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a method for attaching mannose and galactose sugars to oligonucleotides using click chemistry. This technique allows for precise carbohydrate conjugation at either the 5' or 3' end of DNA sequences.

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High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
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High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Oligonucleotide synthesis and modification
  • Carbohydrate chemistry
  • Bioconjugation techniques

Background:

  • Oligonucleotides are crucial in molecular biology and therapeutics.
  • Attaching specific carbohydrate residues can enhance oligonucleotide properties.
  • Existing methods for carbohydrate conjugation are often complex or inefficient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a robust strategy for conjugating mannose and galactose residues to oligonucleotides.
  • To enable precise placement of carbohydrate moieties at either the 5 or 3 end of oligonucleotide sequences.
  • To provide a versatile protocol adaptable for solid-phase or solution-phase synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotide scaffolds using modified phosphoramidites.
  • Sequential "click" reactions utilizing azide and alkyne functionalities for conjugation.
  • Post-synthesis modification of bromine atoms to azides for subsequent click chemistry.
  • Adaptation of the protocol for 3 -end conjugation using a monoalkynated solid support.

Main Results:

  • Successful attachment of two mannose and two galactose residues to oligonucleotides.
  • Demonstration of conjugation at both the 5 and 3 ends of the oligonucleotide.
  • The protocol allows for either solid-phase or solution-phase conjugation steps.
  • The method is efficient and adaptable for various carbohydrate modifications.

Conclusions:

  • A reliable and versatile method for synthesizing carbohydrate-conjugated oligonucleotides has been established.
  • This strategy offers precise control over the position and type of carbohydrate attachment.
  • The developed protocol facilitates the creation of novel oligonucleotide conjugates for diverse applications.