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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

In Vitro Model of Coronary Angiogenesis

In Vitro Model of Coronary Angiogenesis

Published on: March 10, 2020

Growth differentiation factor 15 and coronary collateral formation.

Tao Sun¹, Yanbo Huang, M Ian Phillips

¹Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Clinical Cardiology

|December 17, 2009

Summary

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels increase with coronary collateral development. Higher GDF-15 may indicate more severe coronary stenosis and a greater likelihood of collateral formation in patients with coronary heart disease.

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Published on: December 7, 2016

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Biochemistry
Medical Research

Background:

Coronary collateral circulation mitigates adverse cardiac events like myocardial infarction.
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a TGF-beta superfamily member, shows prognostic value in coronary artery disease.
The relationship between GDF-15 and coronary collateralization requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and coronary collateral development.
To determine if GDF-15 levels correlate with the extent of collateral formation in patients with coronary heart disease.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study involving 201 patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Patients categorized into three groups based on Rentrop's collateral classification (grades 1-3, grade 0, and normal coronary angiogram).
Plasma levels of GDF-15, ADMA, and sFLT-1 were measured and compared across groups.

Main Results:

Significant differences in plasma GDF-15, ADMA, and sFLT-1 levels were observed among collateral groups.
A positive correlation was found between Rentrop's grade and GDF-15 levels (r = 0.187, P < 0.05).
Significant correlations were also noted between Rentrop's grade and sFLT-1 (r = 0.181, P < 0.05) and ADMA (r = -0.646, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

GDF-15 levels are positively associated with the extent of coronary collateral formation.
Elevated GDF-15 may predict more severe coronary stenosis and a higher propensity for collateral development.
GDF-15 serves as a potential biomarker for assessing coronary collateralization in patients with coronary heart disease.