Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

In Vitro Model of Coronary Angiogenesis
08:03

In Vitro Model of Coronary Angiogenesis

Published on: March 10, 2020

Growth differentiation factor 15 and coronary collateral formation

Tao Sun1, Yanbo Huang, M Ian Phillips

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Clinical Cardiology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels increase with coronary collateral development. Higher GDF-15 may indicate more severe coronary stenosis and a greater likelihood of collateral formation in patients with coronary heart disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Coronary collateral circulation mitigates adverse cardiac events like myocardial infarction.
  • Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a TGF-beta superfamily member, shows prognostic value in coronary artery disease.
  • The relationship between GDF-15 and coronary collateralization requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and coronary collateral development.
  • To determine if GDF-15 levels correlate with the extent of collateral formation in patients with coronary heart disease.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 201 patients undergoing coronary angiography.
  • Patients categorized into three groups based on Rentrop's collateral classification (grades 1-3, grade 0, and normal coronary angiogram).
  • Plasma levels of GDF-15, ADMA, and sFLT-1 were measured and compared across groups.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in plasma GDF-15, ADMA, and sFLT-1 levels were observed among collateral groups.
  • A positive correlation was found between Rentrop's grade and GDF-15 levels (r = 0.187, P < 0.05).
  • Significant correlations were also noted between Rentrop's grade and sFLT-1 (r = 0.181, P < 0.05) and ADMA (r = -0.646, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • GDF-15 levels are positively associated with the extent of coronary collateral formation.
  • Elevated GDF-15 may predict more severe coronary stenosis and a higher propensity for collateral development.
  • GDF-15 serves as a potential biomarker for assessing coronary collateralization in patients with coronary heart disease.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Analysis of Coronary Vessels in Cleared Embryonic Hearts08:25

Analysis of Coronary Vessels in Cleared Embryonic Hearts

Published on: December 7, 2016

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
TGF - &#946; Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...