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Other Algae

Other Algae

The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...

Primary Production

Primary Production

The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.

Red Algae

Red Algae

Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...

Marine Microbial Ecology

Marine Microbial Ecology

Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...

Green Algae

Green Algae

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The kingdom Archaeplastida encompasses red and green algae, along with land plants. Unlike other protists with chloroplasts that arose through secondary endosymbiosis, only red and green algae originated from primary endosymbiotic events. This diverse group of eukaryotic organisms contains chlorophyll and performs oxygenic photosynthesis.Algae exist in various forms, from large brown kelp in coastal waters to green scum in puddles and stains on rocks or soil. Some species are responsible for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Field Collection and Laboratory Maintenance of Canopy-Forming Giant Kelp to Facilitate Restoration

Field Collection and Laboratory Maintenance of Canopy-Forming Giant Kelp to Facilitate Restoration

Published on: June 7, 2024

Declines in predatory fish promote bloom-forming macroalgae.

Britas Klemens Eriksson¹, Lars Ljunggren, Alfred Sandström

¹Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Sciences, Biological Center, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands. b.d.h.k.eriksson@rug.nl

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America

|December 18, 2009

Summary

Declines in Baltic Sea predatory fish allow small fish to thrive, increasing ephemeral algae blooms. Restoring top predators is crucial for managing eutrophication and improving water quality by enhancing invertebrate grazer control.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Field Collection and Laboratory Maintenance of Canopy-Forming Giant Kelp to Facilitate Restoration

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A Standardized Procedure for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Chile by Metabarcoding Analysis

A Standardized Procedure for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Chile by Metabarcoding Analysis

Published on: August 26, 2021

Area of Science:

Marine ecology
Eutrophication studies
Fisheries management

Background:

Increased nutrient loads in the Baltic Sea are linked to algal blooms.
Coastal predatory fish populations are declining concurrently.
The relationship between fish community composition and macroalgal blooms requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the link between fish community composition and macroalgal bloom formation.
To test the effects of predator availability and nutrient enrichment on algal production.
To understand the role of trophic interactions in ecosystem responses to eutrophication.

Main Methods:

Field data analysis from nine coastal areas (700-km coastline).
Two small-scale field experiments manipulating nutrient enrichment and predator exclusion (cages).
Manipulation of invertebrate grazer presence.

Main Results:

Piscivorous fish abundance negatively correlated with bloom-forming macroalgae.
Depleted top-predator areas showed increased small fish and ephemeral algae.
Excluding piscivorous fish increased small fish, reduced gastropod grazers, and boosted ephemeral algae production.
Nutrient enrichment and predator removal had similar, additive effects on algal abundance.
Predator effects were dependent on invertebrate grazers.

Conclusions:

Declines in Baltic Sea predatory fish promote algal production by reducing invertebrate grazer control.
Trophic interactions are critical for understanding ecosystem responses to eutrophication.
Effective marine resource management requires integrating top-down and bottom-up processes to achieve water quality goals.