Melasma in men: a clinical, aetiological and histological study

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Andrology

Background:

• Melasma, a common facial hyperpigmentation, disproportionately affects women but is frequently observed in Indian men.
• Limited research exists on the clinical, etiological, and histological aspects of melasma in males, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the clinical, etiological, and histological characteristics of melasma in Indian men.
• To identify prevalent risk factors and understand the presentation of melasma in this demographic.

Main Methods:

• A study screened 200 melasma patients to identify male cases, collecting data on duration, medical history, sun exposure, cosmetic use, and family history.
• Clinical examination, Wood's light assessment, and laboratory investigations including skin biopsies were performed on the identified male patients.

Main Results:

• Out of 200 patients, 41 (20.5%) were men. Significant etiological factors included sun exposure (48.8%) and family history (37%).
• Common clinical patterns were malar (61%) and centrofacial (29.3%). Laboratory findings included anemia and hormonal imbalances (increased LH, low testosterone) in some patients.
• Skin biopsies revealed epidermal melasma (50%) and mixed-type melasma (45%).

Conclusions:

• Melasma is notably prevalent in Indian men, with sun exposure and family history being significant contributing factors.
• The study confirms that while less common than in women, melasma in men exhibits similar clinicohistopathological features.