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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and narrowing...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Studying the Role of Neuron-Glia Interactions in Ischemia
11:36

A Cell Culture Model for Studying the Role of Neuron-Glia Interactions in Ischemia

Published on: November 14, 2020

Growth factors in ischemic stroke.

S Lanfranconi1, F Locatelli, S Corti

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|December 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Growth factors (GFs) show promise in improving stroke outcomes by reducing damage and promoting healing. However, limited human data currently hinders definitive efficacy assessments for GFs in stroke treatment.

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Induction of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using the Distal Middle Artery Occlusion Technique
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Studying the Role of Neuron-Glia Interactions in Ischemia
11:36

A Cell Culture Model for Studying the Role of Neuron-Glia Interactions in Ischemia

Published on: November 14, 2020

Induction of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using the Distal Middle Artery Occlusion Technique
07:34

Induction of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using the Distal Middle Artery Occlusion Technique

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and other growth factors (GFs) demonstrate potential in preclinical and clinical studies for improving stroke outcomes.
  • These factors may reduce stroke damage via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
  • GFs also show potential in promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis, crucial for brain repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a critical and up-to-date literature review on the use of CSFs in stroke.
  • To assess the current knowledge regarding GFs and their impact on stroke outcomes.
  • To provide an overview of ongoing and future research prospects in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Searched for experimental and clinical studies on various hematopoietic GFs, including granulocyte CSF, erythropoietin, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
  • Included studies on stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial GF, and stromal cell-derived factor-1α in ischemic stroke.
  • Considered research on insulin-like growth factor-1 and neurotrophins relevant to stroke.

Main Results:

  • Animal models show promising results for GFs in improving stroke outcomes.
  • A significant lack of data in human studies currently impedes the assessment of GF efficacy in stroke.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge on GFs and stroke, highlighting research gaps.

Conclusions:

  • While preclinical data is encouraging, robust clinical evidence for the efficacy of GFs in human stroke is still lacking.
  • Further research, particularly well-designed clinical trials, is necessary to validate the therapeutic potential of GFs in stroke.
  • The review provides a comprehensive perspective on the current state and future directions of GF research in stroke.