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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
Published on: September 7, 2013
[Missed malignant melanoma: legal considerations]
Raimond W M Giard1, Jan M Broekman
1Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam Institute of Private Law, The Netherlands. rwm.giard@xs4all.nl
Abstract:
Malignant melanoma may be missed both clinically and histopathologically. The appearance of metastases after local excision of a skin lesion which was not recognized as melanoma indicates a diagnostic error. In a lawsuit three things have to be proven: that the doctor has behaved negligently, that the patient has been damaged and that there is a causal relation between the two. After local excision of a lesion that subsequently proves to be a metastasized melanoma, no damage ('loss of chance') occurs because neither local surgery nor adjuvant therapy influences disease-free survival. These particularities are of importance in legal judgments.
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