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Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior
07:09

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

Connectivity analysis reveals a cortical network for eye gaze perception.

Lauri Nummenmaa1, Luca Passamonti, James Rowe

  • 1Brain Research Unit, Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, 02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|December 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals the brain network for processing eye gaze direction. It shows how core face perception areas interact with other brain regions to interpret gaze shifts and guide attention.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior
07:09

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing
07:48

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Published on: April 4, 2025

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients
07:43

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients

Published on: June 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • The neural basis of eye gaze perception is complex, involving interactions between core face-specific systems and extended attention networks.
  • Previous models proposed a distributed system but lacked detailed specification of the full gaze perception network.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify brain regions with differential connectivity to core face perception areas (pSTS and FG) during gaze shifts.
  • To elucidate the functional network underlying the perception of changes in others' gaze direction and attention.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a study of human participants.
  • Employed psychophysiological interactions (PPIs) to analyze functional connectivity between brain regions.

Main Results:

  • Psychophysiological interactions revealed altered connectivity between the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and regions including MT/V5, intraparietal sulcus, frontal eye fields, superior temporal gyrus (STG), supramarginal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus (MFG).
  • The fusiform gyrus (FG) demonstrated altered connectivity with the STG and MFG, highlighting contributions from both dorsal and ventral core face areas.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support an interactive neural network for gaze perception, integrating visual analysis with spatial attention.
  • This network likely alerts individuals to changes in others' gaze, informs about shifts in attention, and prepares anticipatory attentional shifts.