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Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues
07:10

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Published on: February 19, 2019

Epithelial Cell Gene Expression Induced by Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus.

Xianglu Li1, William G Fusco, Keun S Seo

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.

International Journal of Microbiology
|December 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Staphylococcus aureus inside epithelial cells triggers immune and repair genes, while suppressing cholesterol synthesis. This suggests bacteria exploit cells to evade immunity and colonize.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen that can invade host cells.
  • Understanding host-epithelial cell responses to intracellular bacteria is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gene expression changes in HEp-2 cells upon co-culture with intracellular Staphylococcus aureus.
  • To identify cellular pathways affected by intracellular S. aureus infection.

Main Methods:

  • HEp-2 cell monolayers were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Gene expression profiling was performed using DNA microarrays.

Main Results:

  • Intracellular S. aureus modulated genes involved in cellular stress, signal transduction, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and cholesterol biosynthesis.
  • Upregulation of stress response, signal transduction, and pro-inflammatory genes (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8).
  • Downregulation of several cholesterol biosynthesis genes was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Epithelial cells respond to intracellular S. aureus by activating immunity and repair mechanisms.
  • Intracellular S. aureus may subvert host immunity and promote colonization by exploiting the intracellular environment.