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Pacifier use has more harmful effects than benefits, with risks including impaired breastfeeding, dental issues, and infections. Health professionals should guide parents on the pros and cons for informed decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Pacifiers, with precursors dating to the Neolithic Period, have historically been used for infant comfort and feeding stimulation.
  • Modern pacifier use is widespread, prompting a need to evaluate their impact on infant health and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a historical review of pacifiers.
  • To perform a multidisciplinary literature review on the pros and cons of pacifier use.
  • To equip health professionals with evidence-based information for parental guidance on pacifier use.

Main Methods:

  • Historical survey utilizing art books, non-medical literature, and museum collections.
  • Multidisciplinary literature search of MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, and The Cochrane Library.
  • Focused on articles published within the last 5 years, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, keyword: "pacifiers".

Main Results:

  • Pacifiers may stimulate sucking reflexes, potentially aiding early oral feeding.
  • Controversial evidence suggests pacifiers might reduce Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) incidence.
  • Pacifier use is linked to impaired breastfeeding, increased risk of caries, infections, allergies, and potential suffocation or poisoning.

Conclusions:

  • The harmful effects of pacifier use appear to outweigh the benefits.
  • Health professionals should counsel parents on the advantages and disadvantages of pacifiers.
  • Informed parental decision-making regarding pacifier use is crucial for infant well-being.