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Hospitalization of children for asthma in the Brazilian Amazon: trend and spatial distribution

Pâmela R S Silva1, Antonia M Rosa, Sandra S Hacon

  • 1Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres, MT, Brazil.

Jornal De Pediatria
|December 18, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Childhood asthma hospitalizations in the Brazilian Amazon peak during the rainy season, particularly in deforestation-prone areas like Rondônia and Maranhão. Rates declined overall between 2001 and 2007.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Spatial Epidemiology

Background:

  • Asthma is a significant cause of childhood hospitalization globally.
  • The Brazilian Amazon presents unique environmental and socioeconomic factors that may influence respiratory health.
  • Understanding geographical and seasonal patterns of pediatric asthma hospitalizations is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the spatial distribution and temporal trends of childhood asthma hospitalizations in the Brazilian Amazon.
  • To investigate the relationship between climatic seasonality and asthma hospitalization rates in this region.
  • To identify high-risk areas for pediatric asthma hospitalizations within the Brazilian Amazon.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted using hospitalization authorization data (AIH) from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS).
  • Data covered individuals aged 0-14 years in the Brazilian Amazon from 2001 to 2007.
  • Analysis included trend, spatial distribution, and seasonal variations in relation to climate.

Main Results:

  • Spatial distribution of hospitalizations mirrored the "arc of deforestation," with notable concentrations in Rondônia and Maranhão.
  • Annual hospitalization rates decreased from 8.1 to 2.6 per 1,000 inhabitants over the study period.
  • Hospitalizations peaked in March and May, with seasonal differences averaging 10%, highest during the rainy season.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood asthma hospitalizations in the Brazilian Amazon are significantly associated with the rainy season.
  • The "arc of deforestation" states, particularly Rondônia and Maranhão, exhibit higher magnitudes of asthma hospitalizations.
  • Findings highlight the need for targeted public health strategies addressing environmental and seasonal factors in pediatric asthma management in the Amazon.
Abstract

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