Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

In- and Out-Groups01:31

In- and Out-Groups

People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
Creative Thinking01:25

Creative Thinking

Creative thinking encompasses innovative and unconventional methods for addressing challenges, often leading to groundbreaking solutions. Instead of focusing solely on enhancing existing systems, such as increasing smartphone battery capacity, creative thinking might inspire advancements like energy-efficient batteries or processors that minimize power consumption. This multidimensional approach underscores the importance of exploring novel pathways to innovation.
Divergent thinking is the...
Schemas01:42

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers01:17

Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers

A species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Typically, individuals of the same species appear similar and share common characteristics due to their highly similar genomes. However, not all organisms that look alike are members of the same species. Various mechanisms keep most species discrete. While some mechanisms prevent reproductive behavior and fertilization (pre-zygotic isolation), others prevent the production of fertile offspring after mating has...
Groupthink01:34

Groupthink

When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Animal Cruelty in New York City: Cruelty Cases Presented to the ASPCA in Partnership with the NYPD 2013-2022.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2025
Same author

Editorial: Assistance Dogs for People With Disabilities.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2020
Same author

The role of veterinarians in assisting clients identify and care for emotional support animals.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·2019
Same author

Veterinarians and Humane Endings: When Is It the Right Time to Euthanize a Companion Animal?

Frontiers in veterinary science·2017
Same author

A model curriculum for the study of animal welfare in colleges and schools of veterinary medicine.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·2017
Same author

Trying to Make Regulation Something More Than Just a Burden: A Review of Excellence Beyond Compliance: Enhancing Animal Welfare Through the Constructive Use of the Animal Welfare Act, edited by James F. Gesualdi.

Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Using Clicker Training and Social Observation to Teach Rats to Voluntarily Change Cages
08:01

Using Clicker Training and Social Observation to Teach Rats to Voluntarily Change Cages

Published on: October 25, 2018

Thinking outside our cages.

Emily Patterson-Kane1

  • 1American Veterinary Medical Association, Animal Welfare Division, 1931 North Meacham Road #100, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4360, USA. rattitude@gmail.com

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science : JAAWS
|December 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implementing meaningful enrichment for laboratory rodents requires more than just stating ethical concerns. Progress necessitates novel arguments, data, and overcoming practical barriers to change researcher practices.

More Related Videos

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Using Clicker Training and Social Observation to Teach Rats to Voluntarily Change Cages
08:01

Using Clicker Training and Social Observation to Teach Rats to Voluntarily Change Cages

Published on: October 25, 2018

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Laboratory animal science
  • Animal welfare research
  • Ethical considerations in research

Background:

  • Current research often reiterates that barren housing negatively impacts rodent welfare.
  • Ethical consideration for laboratory rodents is a recognized but often insufficiently addressed issue.
  • Progress in implementing meaningful enrichment is hindered by practical and cultural obstacles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the necessary components for advancing meaningful enrichment practices for laboratory rodents.
  • To explore strategies for effectively changing the practices of personnel involved in rodent care and control.
  • To foster a deeper understanding between welfare advocates and those responsible for laboratory protocols and resources.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing arguments and data regarding rodent enrichment.
  • Identification of practical and cultural obstacles to enrichment implementation.
  • Exploration of communication and collaboration strategies between researchers and animal care personnel.

Main Results:

  • The study highlights a need for novel arguments and data beyond the "barren boxes are bad" narrative.
  • Effective change requires addressing institutional protocols, job descriptions, and resource allocation.
  • Mutual understanding of concerns (e.g., budgets, biosecurity) is crucial for successful implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Advancing laboratory rodent welfare necessitates a shift from reiterating known issues to developing actionable strategies.
  • Researchers must actively participate in the implementation of enrichment, not just its invention.
  • Bridging the gap between welfare advocacy and operational concerns (budgets, biosecurity) is essential for meaningful change.