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Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...

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Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons
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Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons

Published on: September 15, 2014

BDNF function and intracellular signaling in neurons.

Tadahiro Numakawa1, Shingo Suzuki, Emi Kumamaru

  • 1Deparment of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan. numakawa@ncnp.go.jp

Histology and Histopathology
|December 18, 2009
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Summary

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB are vital for brain health. Their signaling pathways influence neuronal survival, plasticity, and are implicated in brain diseases like depression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB are crucial for neuronal development and function.
  • BDNF signaling impacts neuronal survival, morphogenesis, and plasticity through pathways like MAPK/ERK, PLCγ, and PI3K.
  • The low-affinity receptor p75 also plays a role in neuronal survival and plasticity, interacting with BDNF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of BDNF actions and intracellular signaling in neuronal protection, synaptic function, and morphology.
  • To explore the clinical implications of BDNF in brain diseases, particularly depression.
  • To highlight the interplay between glucocorticoids and BDNF/TrkB signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current knowledge on BDNF signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of the roles of TrkB and p75 receptors in neuronal function.
  • Examination of the association between BDNF and glucocorticoids in depression.

Main Results:

  • BDNF/TrkB signaling is critical for neuronal survival, morphogenesis, and plasticity.
  • BDNF influences neurons through various intracellular pathways activated by TrkB or p75.
  • Crosstalk between glucocorticoid and BDNF/TrkB signaling is suggested in depression pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • BDNF plays a significant role in neuronal health and function.
  • Understanding BDNF secretion and dynamics is essential for comprehending neuronal responses.
  • BDNF signaling is a key area for research in brain diseases and therapeutic interventions.