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Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

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Nonlinear emission from individual bound microbubbles at high frequencies.

Michael R Sprague¹, Emmanuel Chérin, David E Goertz

¹Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

|December 19, 2009

Summary

High-frequency ultrasound imaging uses microbubbles to detect molecular expression in blood vessels. Researchers found subharmonic signals above 110 kPa, with optimal detection for microbubbles around 1.6-1.8 micrometers.

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Imaging and Quantification of the Area of Fast-Moving Microbubbles Using a High-Speed Camera and Image Analysis

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Published on: September 5, 2020

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Acoustics
Biophysics

Background:

Targeted microbubbles enhance ultrasound imaging resolution for molecular expression detection in blood vessels.
Improving microbubble-specific imaging at high frequencies is crucial for advanced diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the subharmonic and second harmonic signals from individual microbubbles.
To determine the influence of microbubble size and acoustic pressure on signal generation.
To optimize microbubble-based high-frequency ultrasound imaging.

Main Methods:

Single phospholipid-shell microbubbles (1.1-5.0 µm diameter) were studied.
Microbubbles were insonated with 30 MHz pulses at varying pressures (20 kPa to 1 MPa) and bandwidths (11%, 20%, 45%).
Subharmonic (15 MHz) and second harmonic signals were measured using co-aligned optical microscopy and ultrasound transducer.

Main Results:

A subharmonic signal was detected above 110 kPa, independent of bandwidth.
Optimal subharmonic signal detection occurred for microbubbles of 1.60-1.80 µm diameter at pressures up to 400 kPa.
Microbubbles below 1.70 µm were disrupted at pressures between 400 kPa and 1 MPa; second harmonic signals indicated nonlinear propagation.

Conclusions:

Subharmonic signal generation is pressure-dependent and influenced by microbubble size and acoustic bandwidth.
Understanding microbubble acoustic behavior is key to improving high-frequency ultrasound imaging.
The study provides insights into microbubble shell effects on signal phase.