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Related Concept Videos

The Scientific Method03:50

The Scientific Method

Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To achieve this, scientists follow a definitive series of steps that together make up the Scientific Method. This approach involves making observations, asking questions, building a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion.
The Scientific Method01:32

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...
The Scientific Method02:40

The Scientific Method

Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.
Psychology as a Science01:13

Psychology as a Science

Psychology, as a scientific discipline, aims to understand the mind and behavior through rigorous and systematic methods. The foundation of psychological research is evidence-based, relying heavily on the scientific method to derive and validate knowledge. This structured approach ensures that findings are reliable, valid, and applicable to broader contexts.
The scientific method in psychology involves six critical steps: making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting tests, analyzing...
Scientific Nature of Social Psychology01:30

Scientific Nature of Social Psychology

Social psychology is a scientific discipline dedicated to understanding how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts. Unlike common sense, which relies on anecdotal experiences and intuition, social psychology employs systematic research and empirical methods to ensure objectivity and reliability. This distinction is fundamental in distinguishing scientifically supported findings from mere speculation.Four fundamental scientific values guide a structured approach to research in...
Scientific Laws and Theories02:31

Scientific Laws and Theories

Scientific Laws

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside
09:06

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Published on: July 3, 2016

After science: has the tradition been broken?

Bruce G Charlton

    Medical Hypotheses
    |December 19, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    The scientific tradition, reliant on tacit knowledge transfer through master-apprentice models, has been broken by bureaucratic regulation and rapid expansion. Revival is possible if this loss is recognized and traditional methods are re-embraced.

    Area of Science:

    • Philosophy of Science
    • Sociology of Science

    Background:

    • Modern science increasingly relies on explicit knowledge and bureaucratic procedures.
    • The traditional 'master-apprentice' model, crucial for transferring tacit knowledge, has been largely discarded.
    • Rapid expansion of scientific manpower has outpaced traditional knowledge transmission methods.

    Discussion:

    • The current scientific practice is dominated by external bureaucratic forces (funders, regulators) rather than intrinsic scientific judgment.
    • Younger scientists often lack deep understanding of scientific culture, focusing instead on procedural compliance.
    • This shift represents a break in the scientific tradition, akin to a bureaucratic catastrophe.

    Key Insights:

    • Tacit knowledge, essential for practical scientific capability, is inadequately transmitted through current educational models.

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  • The reliance on explicit knowledge and external regulation diminishes the core of scientific practice.
  • The tradition of science is at risk due to the erosion of intergenerational knowledge transfer.

    • Outlook:

    • Revival of the scientific tradition is possible if the break is acknowledged.
    • Re-establishing master-apprentice relationships and valuing tacit knowledge are crucial for potential revival.
    • Active engagement of living tradition-bearers offers a pathway to restoring scientific culture.