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Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

Nondisjunction

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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Experimental Design for Laser Microdissection RNA-Seq: Lessons from an Analysis of Maize Leaf Development

Experimental Design for Laser Microdissection RNA-Seq: Lessons from an Analysis of Maize Leaf Development

Published on: March 5, 2017

Aneuploidy causes tissue-specific qualitative changes in global gene expression patterns in maize.

Irina Makarevitch¹, Carolyn Harris

¹Biology Department, Hamline University, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55104, USA. imakarevitch01@hamline.edu

Plant Physiology

|December 19, 2009

Summary

Segmental aneuploidy in maize causes gene dosage imbalance, altering gene expression patterns. These changes vary by tissue and developmental stage, impacting phenotypes.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Experimental Design for Laser Microdissection RNA-Seq: Lessons from an Analysis of Maize Leaf Development

Experimental Design for Laser Microdissection RNA-Seq: Lessons from an Analysis of Maize Leaf Development

Published on: March 5, 2017

Imaging and Analysis for Quantifying Maize (Zea mays) Abiotic Stress Phenotypes

Imaging and Analysis for Quantifying Maize (Zea mays) Abiotic Stress Phenotypes

Published on: March 28, 2025

Area of Science:

Genetics
Molecular Biology
Plant Science

Background:

Segmental aneuploidy, an imbalance of chromosome regions, leads to gene dosage issues.
Understanding how gene dosage imbalance affects gene expression and phenotypes is crucial.
Aneuploidy's impact on the transcriptome can be tissue and development-dependent.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of segmental aneuploidy on gene expression in maize.
To analyze gene expression changes in different maize tissues and developmental stages.
To elucidate the mechanisms linking gene dosage imbalance to phenotypic alterations.

Main Methods:

Global gene expression profiling in two maize tissues.
Detailed analysis of 30 aneuploidy-affected genes across multiple tissues.
Comparison of gene expression patterns in aneuploid versus wild-type maize.

Main Results:

Maize tissues exhibited differential regulation of genes outside aneuploid regions.
Gene dosage compensation varied significantly between tissues.
Aneuploidy induced qualitative gene expression changes, including ectopic expression and silencing.
Quantitative expression changes at developmental transitions led to stable qualitative alterations.

Conclusions:

Segmental aneuploidy in maize alters gene expression patterns.
These alterations are tissue-specific and developmentally regulated.
Aneuploidy-induced gene expression changes contribute to phenotypic variations in maize seedlings.