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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

Rapid reprogramming of haemoglobin structure-function exposes multiple dual-antimicrobial potencies.

Ruijuan Du¹, Bow Ho, Jeak Ling Ding

¹Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

The EMBO Journal

|December 19, 2009

Summary

Cell-free haemoglobin (Hb) fights microbes by releasing antimicrobial fragments that bind pathogens and trigger localized oxidative death. This discovery aids in designing safer haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Microbiology
Immunology

Background:

Cell-free haemoglobin (Hb) cytotoxicity has limited blood substitute development.
Emerging evidence suggests Hb possesses antimicrobial properties via an unknown mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Hb's antimicrobial activity against virulent pathogens.
To identify key structural and functional features of Hb involved in pathogen defense.

Main Methods:

Investigated Hb interaction with haemolytic pathogens.
Analyzed structural reprogramming of Hb upon microbial contact.
Characterized the 'dual-action centres' of released Hb fragments.
Assessed host antioxidant release.

Main Results:

Hb undergoes rapid molecular reprogramming upon contact with haemolytic pathogens.
Antimicrobial fragments with microbe-binding and pseudoperoxidase (POX) activity are released.
Localized oxidative shock kills nearby pathogens, with conserved mechanisms in invertebrates.
Host releases endogenous antioxidants to prevent self-cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

Hb's antimicrobial potency is unlocked by pathogen interaction through dual-action centres.
This mechanism offers a pathway for developing safer Hb-based oxygen carriers.
The conserved nature of this defense highlights its fundamental biological importance.