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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Anastomoses01:19

Anastomoses

In human anatomy, anastomosis refers to a connection or opening between two things, particularly between blood vessels or other tubular structures. The term is derived from the Greek term 'anastomosis,' which means 'outlet' or 'opening.' This natural network of connections plays a critical role in the survival and functionality of the human body.
Anastomoses can be formed at arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels.
Arterial Anastomosis: These occur between arteries. They are most common in...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay
10:32

Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay

Published on: February 3, 2022

An information gap in DNA evidence interpretation.

Mark W Perlin1, Alexander Sinelnikov

  • 1Cybergenetics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America. perlin@cybgen.com

Plos One
|December 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative interpretation of forensic DNA mixtures significantly enhances identification power, especially with low template DNA amounts (10-100 pg). This computer-based approach offers a ten-fold advantage over qualitative methods at low DNA quantities.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Forensic DNA analysis frequently encounters challenges with mixed DNA profiles and low template DNA amounts.
  • Traditional qualitative interpretation methods can limit the informative value of such complex DNA evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the identification information obtained from qualitative and quantitative interpretation methods for forensic DNA mixtures.
  • To evaluate the performance of these methods across a range of low DNA template quantities.

Main Methods:

  • Application of both qualitative (inclusion-based) and quantitative (computer-based data-modeling) interpretation methods.
  • Utilized a well-characterized DNA mixture and dilution dataset for analysis.
  • Compared the inferred match information derived from each interpretation approach.

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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay
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Detection of Post-Replicative Gaps Accumulation and Repair in Human Cells Using the DNA Fiber Assay

Published on: February 3, 2022

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Main Results:

  • Qualitative interpretation loses significant identification power below 100 pg of culprit DNA.
  • Quantitative interpretation methods retain useful identification information down to 10 pg of DNA.
  • A ten-fold difference in information recovery was observed between the two methods at low DNA quantities.

Conclusions:

  • Computer-based quantitative interpretation of forensic DNA mixtures provides superior match sensitivity compared to qualitative methods at low DNA levels.
  • Quantitative approaches bridge the information gap, enabling more informative analysis of challenging DNA samples.