Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables01:28

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables

Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...
Immunoprecipitation01:20

Immunoprecipitation

Immunoprecipitation, or IP, is a widely used technique that employs protein-antibody interactions to isolate proteins or protein complexes in their native state for studying protein-protein interactions, quaternary structures, or supramolecular complexes. Various modifications of the technique, including chromatin IP, cross-linking IP, and fluorescence IP, are commonly used.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, also known as ChIP, is used to study protein-DNA or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inter-Laboratory Agreement of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Concentrations Measured Intact by Mass Spectrometry.

Clinical chemistry·2020
Same author

Large divergence in testosterone concentrations between men and women: Frame of reference for elite athletes in sex-specific competition in sports, a narrative review.

Clinical endocrinology·2018
Same author

Achievements and Challenges in Anti-Doping Research.

Medicine and sport science·2017
Same author

Treating the elite athlete: anti-doping information for the health professional.

Missouri medicine·2015
Same author

Counterpoint: the quest for clean competition in sports: deterrence and the role of detection.

Clinical chemistry·2014
Same author

Interlaboratory agreement of insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations measured by mass spectrometry.

Clinical chemistry·2013
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

An Open-Source Framework for Mass Calculation of Antibody-Based Therapeutic Molecules
04:24

An Open-Source Framework for Mass Calculation of Antibody-Based Therapeutic Molecules

Published on: June 16, 2023

Science and the rules governing anti-doping violations.

Larry D Bowers1

  • 1United States Anti-Doping Agency, 1330 Quail Lake Loop, Suite 360, Colorado Springs, CO, 80906, USA. lbowers@usada.org

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|December 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) harmonized anti-doping efforts through its World Anti-Doping Program. This program unified rules and laboratory standards, enhancing the global fight against performance-enhancing drugs in sports.

More Related Videos

Detection of Antibodies That Neutralize the Cellular Uptake of Enzyme Replacement Therapies with a Cell-based Assay
07:52

Detection of Antibodies That Neutralize the Cellular Uptake of Enzyme Replacement Therapies with a Cell-based Assay

Published on: September 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

An Open-Source Framework for Mass Calculation of Antibody-Based Therapeutic Molecules
04:24

An Open-Source Framework for Mass Calculation of Antibody-Based Therapeutic Molecules

Published on: June 16, 2023

Detection of Antibodies That Neutralize the Cellular Uptake of Enzyme Replacement Therapies with a Cell-based Assay
07:52

Detection of Antibodies That Neutralize the Cellular Uptake of Enzyme Replacement Therapies with a Cell-based Assay

Published on: September 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Doping Control
  • International Policy

Background:

  • The global fight against performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in sports spans nearly 90 years.
  • The establishment of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in 1999 marked a pivotal moment, centralizing anti-doping program harmonization.
  • Governmental endorsement via a United Nations Education, Science, and Cultural Organization Convention underscores the global commitment to WADA's initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the foundational elements of the World Anti-Doping Program.
  • To detail the harmonization process for anti-doping rules and laboratory standards.
  • To highlight the role of WADA in unifying international anti-doping efforts.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the World Anti-Doping Program, comprising five key documents: the Code, International Standard for Testing, International Standard for Laboratories, Prohibited List, and International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions.
  • Establishment of performance expectations and competence criteria for WADA-recognized laboratories, including ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation.
  • Utilization of arbitration through the Court of Arbitration for Sport for adjudicating anti-doping rule violations.

Main Results:

  • Unified approach to anti-doping rules across international federations and national anti-doping agencies.
  • Standardized laboratory testing protocols and quality assurance through the International Standard for Laboratories.
  • Established framework for therapeutic use exemptions to ensure athlete well-being.

Conclusions:

  • The World Anti-Doping Program has successfully harmonized global anti-doping strategies.
  • WADA's leadership has been crucial in standardizing testing, regulations, and dispute resolution in sports.
  • The framework supports a more equitable and clean competitive environment worldwide.