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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation
08:36

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

Published on: November 3, 2016

Microplasma discharge ionization source for ambient mass spectrometry.

Joshua M Symonds1, Asiri S Galhena, Facundo M Fernández

  • 1School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|December 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel microplasma ionization source for ambient mass spectrometry. This robust, low-power device enables direct analysis of diverse samples with minimal fragmentation, paving the way for portable mass spectrometry.

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Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
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Published on: June 20, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation
08:36

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

Published on: November 3, 2016

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
06:49

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

Published on: June 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) enables direct sample analysis without extensive sample preparation.
  • Existing AMS techniques often require complex instrumentation or high gas consumption.
  • Microplasma technology offers a potential solution for developing simplified and efficient ionization sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first application of a microplasma ionization source for ambient mass spectrometry.
  • To evaluate the performance of a microhollow discharge-based microplasma device for ionizing various sample types.
  • To assess the potential of this technology for miniaturized and field-deployable mass spectrometry.

Main Methods:

  • Development and implementation of a microhollow discharge microplasma ionization source.
  • Direct ambient analysis of gaseous, liquid, and solid samples including DMSO, DMF, methyl salicylate, caffeine, amino acids, and pharmaceuticals.
  • Mass spectral data acquisition and analysis to identify ionized species and fragmentation patterns.

Main Results:

  • The microplasma source successfully ionized a diverse range of molecules, primarily as protonated species due to high proton affinities.
  • Minimal molecular fragmentation was observed despite the presence of energetic species in the plasma.
  • Background spectra showed characteristic water cluster ions, indicating efficient proton transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Microplasma ionization is a viable and effective technique for ambient mass spectrometry.
  • The developed microplasma device is robust, low-power, and consumes minimal gas, making it suitable for portable applications.
  • This technology holds promise for the development of cost-effective, miniaturized mass spectrometers for field detection.