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Renal arteriovenous malformations: CT features
H Honda1, H Onitsuka, S Naitou
1Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Insights
Congenital renal arteriovenous malformation (RAVM) presents with hematuria and characteristic CT findings. Specific imaging techniques are crucial for accurate diagnosis and understanding its relationship with the pelvicaliceal system.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Urology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Congenital renal arteriovenous malformation (RAVM) is a rare vascular anomaly.
- Understanding its imaging characteristics is vital for diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the CT and clinical features of congenital RAVM.
- To identify characteristic imaging findings and diagnostic pitfalls.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of CT and clinical data from six patients with RAVM.
- Analysis of imaging techniques including bolus injection and drip infusion.
Main Results:
- Hematuria was the most common clinical symptom.
- CT revealed vascular density masses in the renal sinus, near the pelvicaliceal system.
- Dilated renal veins were observed in some cases.
- Delayed imaging and drip infusion demonstrated RAVM size and pelvicaliceal relation.
- Bolus injection was essential for confirming vascularity.
Conclusions:
- Congenital RAVM has distinct CT features.
- Appropriate imaging techniques, particularly bolus injection, are critical for diagnosis.
- Awareness of potential diagnostic pitfalls with infusion-only studies is necessary.
Abstract:
The CT and clinical features of six patients with congenital renal arteriovenous malformation (RAVM) were reviewed to determine the characteristics of this condition. The most common symptom was hematuria. The CT images were characterized by masses of vascular density located in the renal sinus and surrounding the pelvicaliceal system with or without dilated renal veins. The exact size of the RAVM and the relation to the pelvicaliceal system were well demonstrated by delayed images or drip infusion technique, whereas the bolus injection technique was essential to document the vascular nature. The potential pitfalls in diagnosis that can occur if only an infusion study is performed are discussed.