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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
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Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance01:07

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Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
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Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview01:27

Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview

Pharmacodynamic (PD) responses describe the interaction between a drug and its biological target, culminating in a physiological effect. These responses can be classified into different types: continuous variables, such as blood glucose levels; categorical outcomes, like survival rates; and time-to-event metrics, such as disease progression. Understanding and modeling PD responses are critical for optimizing drug efficacy and safety.PD models describe the relationship between drug concentration...

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Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling using microsoft excel and visual basic for applications.

Dale J Marino1

  • 1Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York, USA.

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods
|December 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can now be effectively utilized with widely available software. Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) demonstrate reliable capabilities for PBPK modeling and interspecies extrapolation.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are crucial for understanding exposure-dose relationships and interspecies extrapolation.
  • Traditional PBPK model development relies on specialized, less accessible software packages.
  • Existing PBPK models in accessible software often lack complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the capability of Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) for PBPK modeling.
  • To compare simulation results from PBPK models developed in ACSL, Excel, and VBA.

Main Methods:

  • PBPK models for styrene, vinyl chloride, and methylene chloride were developed.
  • Models were coded using Advanced Continuous Simulation Language (ACSL), Microsoft Excel, and VBA.
  • Simulation results, including compartment concentrations, rates of change, and dose metrics, were compared across software platforms.

Main Results:

  • For styrene, compartment concentrations and rates of change in Excel/VBA showed minimal differences (< +/-7.5E-10) compared to ACSL with identical numerical integration and time steps.
  • Differences between VBA and ACSL using different numerical methods were generally below 1.00E-03.
  • For vinyl chloride and methylene chloride, Excel and VBA PBPK model dose metrics deviated by no more than -0.013% and -0.23%, respectively, from ACSL results.

Conclusions:

  • Microsoft Excel and VBA are capable tools for PBPK model utilization.
  • The accessibility of Excel and VBA can facilitate broader use and investigation of PBPK modeling.
  • Differences in results are primarily attributed to numerical step sizes rather than integration techniques.